The O*NET® Content Model

The Content Model is the conceptual foundation of O*NET. The Content Model provides a framework that identifies the most important types of information about work and integrates them into a theoretically and empirically sound system.

O*NET Content Model Worker-oriented Job-oriented OccupationSpecific CrossOccupation A job-oriented, occupation specific domain. Includes: Title; Description; Alternate Titles; Tasks; Technology Skills & Tools. Occupation-Specific Information Occupation-SpecificInformation Title • DescriptionAlternate TitlesTasksTechnology Skills & Tools Occupation-SpecificInformation Title • DescriptionAlternate TitlesTasksTechnology Skills & Tools A job-oriented domain. Includes: Labor Market Information; Occupational Outlook. Workforce Characteristics WorkforceCharacteristics Labor Market InformationOccupational Outlook WorkforceCharacteristics Labor Market InformationOccupational Outlook A job-oriented, cross occupation domain. Includes: Work Activities (General, Intermediate, Detailed); Organizational Context; Work Context. Occupational Requirements OccupationalRequirements Work Activities:General • Intermediate • Detailed Organizational Context Work Context OccupationalRequirements Work Activities:General • Intermediate • Detailed Organizational Context Work Context A worker-oriented, occupation specific domain. Includes: Experience and Training; Skills - Entry Requirement; Licensing. Experience Requirements ExperienceRequirements Experience and TrainingSkills – Entry RequirementLicensing ExperienceRequirements Experience and TrainingSkills – Entry RequirementLicensing A worker-oriented domain. Includes: Skills; Knowledge; Education. Worker Requirements WorkerRequirements Skills • KnowledgeEducation WorkerRequirements Skills • KnowledgeEducation A worker-oriented, cross occupation domain. Includes: Abilities; Occupational Interests; Work Values; Work Styles. Worker Characteristics WorkerCharacteristics AbilitiesOccupational InterestsWork ValuesWork Styles WorkerCharacteristics AbilitiesOccupational InterestsWork ValuesWork Styles

The Content Model was developed using research on job and organizational analysis. It embodies a view that reflects the character of occupations (via job-oriented descriptors) and people (via worker-oriented descriptors). The Content Model also allows occupational information to be applied across jobs, sectors, or industries (cross-occupational descriptors) and within occupations (occupational-specific descriptors). These descriptors are organized into six major domains, which enable the user to focus on areas of information that specify the key attributes and characteristics of workers and occupations.

To download a reference file of all Content Model elements, visit our Current data files page. There, you can also find occupation-specific data ratings for the Content Model elements collected by the O*NET data collection program.

Worker Characteristics

Enduring characteristics that may influence both performance and the capacity to acquire knowledge and skills required for effective work performance.

Worker characteristics comprise enduring qualities of individuals that may influence how they approach tasks and how they acquire work-relevant knowledges and skills. Traditionally, analyzing abilities has been the most common technique for comparing jobs in terms of these worker characteristics. However, recent research supports the inclusion of other types of worker characteristics. In particular, interests, values, and work styles have received support in the organizational literature. Interests and values reflect preferences for work environments and outcomes. Work style variables represent typical procedural differences in the way work is performed.

  • Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance
    • Abilities that influence the acquisition and application of knowledge in problem solving
      • Abilities that influence the acquisition and application of verbal information in problem solving
        • Oral Comprehension
          The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Written Comprehension
          The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Oral Expression
          The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Written Expression
          The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Abilities that influence the application and manipulation of information in problem solving
        • Fluency of Ideas
          The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Originality
          The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Problem Sensitivity
          The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Deductive Reasoning
          The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Inductive Reasoning
          The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Information Ordering
          The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Category Flexibility
          The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Abilities that influence the solution of problems involving mathematical relationships
        • Mathematical Reasoning
          The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Number Facility
          The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Memory
        Abilities related to the recall of available information
        • Memorization
          The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Abilities related to the acquisition and organization of visual information
        • Speed of Closure
          The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Flexibility of Closure
          The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Perceptual Speed
          The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Abilities related to the manipulation and organization of spatial information
        • Spatial Orientation
          The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Visualization
          The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Abilities related to application of attention
        • Selective Attention
          The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Time Sharing
          The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Abilities that influence the capacity to manipulate and control objects
      • Abilities related to the manipulation of objects
        • Arm-Hand Steadiness
          The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Manual Dexterity
          The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Finger Dexterity
          The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Abilities related to the control and manipulation of objects in time and space
        • Control Precision
          The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Multilimb Coordination
          The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Response Orientation
          The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Rate Control
          The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Abilities related to speed of manipulation of objects
        • Reaction Time
          The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Wrist-Finger Speed
          The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Speed of Limb Movement
          The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Abilities that influence strength, endurance, flexibility, balance and coordination
      • Abilities related to the capacity to exert force
        • Static Strength
          The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Explosive Strength
          The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Dynamic Strength
          The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Trunk Strength
          The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Endurance
        The ability to exert oneself physically over long periods without getting out of breath
        • Stamina
          The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Abilities related to the control of gross body movements
        • Extent Flexibility
          The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Dynamic Flexibility
          The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Gross Body Coordination
          The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Gross Body Equilibrium
          The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Abilities that influence visual, auditory and speech perception
      • Abilities related to visual sensory input
        • Near Vision
          The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Far Vision
          The ability to see details at a distance.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Visual Color Discrimination
          The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Night Vision
          The ability to see under low-light conditions.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Peripheral Vision
          The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Depth Perception
          The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Glare Sensitivity
          The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Abilities related to auditory and oral input
        • Hearing Sensitivity
          The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Auditory Attention
          The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Sound Localization
          The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Speech Recognition
          The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Speech Clarity
          The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Preferences for work environments. Occupational Interest Profiles (OIPs) are compatible with Holland's (1997) model of personality types and work environments.
    • Realistic
      Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Investigative
      Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Artistic
      Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Social
      Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Enterprising
      Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Conventional
      Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Specific, homogeneous facets of interests that group together work activities that share similar properties and represent the same abstract object.
    • Mechanics/Electronics
      Work involves maintaining and repairing of machinery, such as automotive engines, electronic equipment, computers, and communication systems.
      Data not collected
    • Construction/Woodwork
      Work involves constructing, installing, or repairing structures and fixtures made of wood.
      Data not collected
    • Transportation/Machine Operation
      Work involves driving vehicles, such as vans, trucks, trains, and buses to transport people or materials. Work can also involve operating heavy equipment, such as cranes, forklifts, bulldozers, and backhoes to move materials or earth.
      Data not collected
    • Physical/Manual Labor
      Work involves manually unloading and moving freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or performing other physical labor.
      Data not collected
    • Protective Service
      Work involves maintaining order and protecting life and property by conducting investigations and enforcing laws and regulations to prevent or solve crimes.
      Data not collected
    • Agriculture
      Work involves planting, cultivating, and harvesting crops, plants, or trees, or raising farm animals. Work can also involve preparing plant and animal products for distribution to consumers, or protecting natural resources to maximize their use in farming.
      Data not collected
    • Nature/Outdoors
      Work involves planning, restoring, and conserving natural areas and wildlife habitats.
      Data not collected
    • Animal Service
      Work involves feeding, grooming, exercising, or otherwise providing care to promote and maintain the well-being of pets and other animals in settings such as kennels, animal shelters, and zoos.
      Data not collected
    • Athletics
      Work involves training, practicing, or competing in athletic events, or supporting those participating in athletics through coaching, training, or officiating.
      Data not collected
    • Engineering
      Work involves applying science and technology to the design, building, testing, and use of electrical and electronic components, mechanical devices and machines, automotive, marine, and aerospace equipment and vehicles, materials, or structures.
      Data not collected
    • Physical Science
      Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, materials, and phenomena through scientific disciplines such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, or geology.
      Data not collected
    • Life Science
      Work involves studying and researching living organisms through scientific disciplines such as biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, physiology, biochemistry, or zoology.
      Data not collected
    • Medical Science
      Work involves studying and researching the causes, nature, effects, and treatments of disease or other forms of impairment or illness.
      Data not collected
    • Social Science
      Work involves studying and researching human behavior, society, politics, and social relationships through scientific disciplines such as psychology, sociology, economics, or political science.
      Data not collected
    • Humanities
      Work involves studying and researching aspects of human history, culture, and language through disciplines such as history, philosophy, the language arts, or area/ethnic studies.
      Data not collected
    • Mathematics/Statistics
      Work involves developing and applying mathematics and statistical theory and methods.
      Data not collected
    • Information Technology
      Work involves designing, developing, testing, and maintaining computer software, hardware, networks, and systems.
      Data not collected
    • Visual Arts
      Work involves creating original visual artwork for a variety of media and purposes using various techniques and software.
      Data not collected
    • Applied Arts and Design
      Work involves applying artistic principles to the design and creation of various objects and materials.
      Data not collected
    • Performing Arts
      Work involves acting as a performer in dance, comedy, or dramatic productions, choreographing of dance performances, or producing of live or recorded entertainment.
      Data not collected
    • Music
      Work involves conducting, composing, or playing music or singing.
      Data not collected
    • Creative Writing
      Work involves developing creative written works, such as novels, scripts, song lyrics, poetry, stories, or advertisements.
      Data not collected
    • Media
      Work involves producing, developing, writing, directing, or presenting information through print, radio, television, or digital media.
      Data not collected
    • Culinary Art
      Work involves preparing, cooking, and presenting food in a distinctive style usually associated with a specific culture or region.
      Data not collected
    • Teaching/Education
      Work involves teaching through lectures, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects.
      Data not collected
    • Social Service
      Work involves providing social services and assistance to improve the well-being and social and psychological functioning of children and adults.
      Data not collected
    • Health Care Service
      Work involves providing health care services to individuals to include the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases and other forms of illness or impairment.
      Data not collected
    • Religious Activities
      Work involves conducting religious worship, leading a church or other religious group, and offering moral guidance associated with beliefs and practices of a religious faith.
      Data not collected
    • Personal Service
      Work involves providing personal services to individuals in need of non-medical assistance such as helping arrange or plan for travel, meals, or events.
      Data not collected
    • Professional Advising
      Work involves providing expert advice, coaching, and counseling on topics such as careers, educational opportunities, and educational and professional development.
      Data not collected
    • Business Initiatives
      Work involves creating strategic plans or taking actions to expand an organization's business or market share.
      Data not collected
    • Sales
      Work involves selling goods or services.
      Data not collected
    • Marketing/Advertising
      Work involves promoting or creating a public image for products, services, or organizations to attract interest, engagement, or sales.
      Data not collected
    • Finance
      Work involves directing and managing financial activities, such as planning and investments for an individual or organization to generate income.
      Data not collected
    • Accounting
      Work involves examining, analyzing, and interpreting accounting records for financial statements, or maintaining, auditing, or evaluating records and accounts.
      Data not collected
    • Human Resources
      Work involves recruiting, selecting, and training job applicants, maintaining employee personnel records, administering compensation and employee-benefit programs, and conducting employee performance reviews.
      Data not collected
    • Office Work
      Work involves clerical and administrative tasks for an organization such as answering phones, bookkeeping, updating records, scheduling appointments or meetings, and editing of documents and files.
      Data not collected
    • Management/Administration
      Work involves planning, directing, or coordinating the daily operations of an organization, and overseeing personnel, business, or administrative services.
      Data not collected
    • Public Speaking
      Work involves speaking before an audience to educate, entertain, or influence the listeners.
      Data not collected
    • Politics
      Work involves engaging in political activities to influence government policy.
      Data not collected
    • Law
      Work involves studying and applying legal knowledge.
      Data not collected
  • Global aspects of work composed of specific needs that are important to a person's satisfaction. Occupational Reinforcer Patterns (ORPs) are based on the Theory of Work Adjustment (Dawis & Lofquist, 1984).
    • Achievement
      Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Ability Utilization
        Workers on this job make use of their individual abilities.
        Data not collected
      • Achievement
        Workers on this job get a feeling of accomplishment.
        Data not collected
    • Working Conditions
      Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Recognition
      Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Advancement
        Workers on this job have opportunities for advancement.
        Data not collected
      • Recognition
        Workers on this job receive recognition for the work they do.
        Data not collected
      • Authority
        Workers on this job give directions and instructions to others.
        Data not collected
      • Social Status
        Workers on this job are looked up to by others in their company and their community.
        Data not collected
    • Relationships
      Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Co-workers
        Workers on this job have co-workers who are easy to get along with.
        Data not collected
      • Social Service
        Workers on this job have work where they do things for other people.
        Data not collected
      • Moral Values
        Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong.
        Data not collected
    • Support
      Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Company Policies and Practices
        Workers on this job are treated fairly by the company.
        Data not collected
      • Supervision, Human Relations
        Workers on this job have supervisors who back up their workers with management.
        Data not collected
      • Supervision, Technical
        Workers on this job have supervisors who train their workers well.
        Data not collected
    • Independence
      Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.
    • Job requires personal goal setting, trying to succeed at those goals, and striving to be competent in own work
      • Achievement/Effort
        Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Persistence
        Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Initiative
        Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Social Influence
      Job requires having an impact on others in the organization, and displaying energy and leadership
      • Leadership
        Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Job requires being pleasant, cooperative, sensitive to others, easy to get along with, and having a preference for associating with other organization members
      • Cooperation
        Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Concern for Others
        Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Social Orientation
        Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Job requires maturity, poise, flexibility, and restraint to cope with pressure, stress, criticism, setbacks, personal and work-related problems, etc.
      • Self-Control
        Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Stress Tolerance
        Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Adaptability/Flexibility
        Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Job requires dependability, commitment to doing the job correctly and carefully, and being trustworthy, accountable, and attentive to details
      • Dependability
        Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Attention to Detail
        Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Integrity
        Job requires being honest and ethical.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Independence
      Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Job requires generating useful ideas and thinking things through logically
      • Innovation
        Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Analytical Thinking
        Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor

Worker Requirements

Descriptors referring to work-related attributes acquired and/or developed through experience and education.

Worker requirements represent developed or acquired attributes of an individual that may be related to work performance such as work-related knowledge and skill. Knowledge represents the acquisition of facts and principles about a domain of information. Experience lays the foundation for establishing procedures to work with given knowledge. These procedures are more commonly known as skills. Skills may be further divided into basic skills and cross-functional skills. Basic skills, such as reading, facilitate the acquisition of new knowledge. Cross-functional skills, such as problem solving, extend across several domains of activities.

  • Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge
    • Background structures needed to work with and acquire more specific skills in a variety of different domains
      • Reading Comprehension
        Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Active Listening
        Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Writing
        Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Speaking
        Talking to others to convey information effectively.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Mathematics
        Using mathematics to solve problems.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Science
        Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Procedures that contribute to the more rapid acquisition of knowledge and skill across a variety of domains
      • Critical Thinking
        Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Active Learning
        Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Learning Strategies
        Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Monitoring
        Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Developed capacities that facilitate performance of activities that occur across jobs
    • Developed capacities used to work with people to achieve goals
      • Social Perceptiveness
        Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Coordination
        Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Persuasion
        Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Negotiation
        Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Instructing
        Teaching others how to do something.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Service Orientation
        Actively looking for ways to help people.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Complex Problem Solving Skills
      Developed capacities used to solve novel, ill-defined problems in complex, real-world settings
      • Complex Problem Solving
        Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Developed capacities used to design, set-up, operate, and correct malfunctions involving application of machines or technological systems
      • Operations Analysis
        Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Technology Design
        Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Equipment Selection
        Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Installation
        Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Programming
        Writing computer programs for various purposes.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Operations Monitoring
        Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Operation and Control
        Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Equipment Maintenance
        Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Troubleshooting
        Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Repairing
        Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Quality Control Analysis
        Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Developed capacities used to understand, monitor, and improve socio-technical systems
      • Judgment and Decision Making
        Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Systems Analysis
        Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Systems Evaluation
        Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Developed capacities used to allocate resources efficiently
      • Time Management
        Managing one's own time and the time of others.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Management of Financial Resources
        Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Management of Material Resources
        Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Management of Personnel Resources
        Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Organized sets of principles and facts applying in general domains
    • Knowledge of principles and facts related to business administration and accounting, human and material resource management in organizations, sales and marketing, economics, and office information and organizing systems
      • Administration and Management
        Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Administrative
        Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Economics and Accounting
        Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Sales and Marketing
        Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Customer and Personal Service
        Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Personnel and Human Resources
        Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Knowledge of principles and facts related to the production, processing, storage, and distribution of manufactured and agricultural goods
      • Production and Processing
        Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Food Production
        Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Knowledge of the design, development, and application of technology for specific purposes.
      • Computers and Electronics
        Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Engineering and Technology
        Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Design
        Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Building and Construction
        Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Mechanical
        Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Knowledge of the history, theories, methods, and applications of the physical, biological, social, mathematical, and geography
      • Mathematics
        Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Physics
        Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Chemistry
        Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Biology
        Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Psychology
        Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Sociology and Anthropology
        Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Geography
        Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Knowledge of principles and facts regarding diagnosing, curing, and preventing disease, and improving and preserving physical and mental health and well-being
      • Medicine and Dentistry
        Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Therapy and Counseling
        Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Education and Training
      Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Knowledge of facts and principles related to the branches of learning concerned with human thought, language, and the arts.
      • English Language
        Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Foreign Language
        Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Fine Arts
        Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • History and Archeology
        Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Philosophy and Theology
        Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Knowledge of regulations and methods for maintaining people and property free from danger, injury, or damage; the rules of public conduct established and enforced by legislation, and the political process establishing such rules.
      • Public Safety and Security
        Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Law and Government
        Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Knowledge of the science and art of delivering information
      • Telecommunications
        Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Communications and Media
        Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Transportation
      Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Prior educational experience required to perform in a job
    • Required Level of Education
      The level of education required to perform a job.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Job-Related Professional Certification
      Certification: A credential awarded by a certification body based on an individual demonstrating through an examination process that he or she has acquired the designated knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform a specific job.
      • Job-Related Professional Certification
        Possession of an occupational or industry certification to perform the job.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Instructional Program Required
      The instructional program required for this job
      Data collected by Classification of Instructional Programs, U.S. Department of Education
    • The amount of education required in 15 subject areas to perform in a job. Subject areas cover most of the courses that occur in high school, junior college, college undergraduate degree programs, and other education and training programs
      • Technical Vocational
        Courses focus on non-business technical skills, such as Agriculture, Industrial Arts, Automobile and Shop, and Electronics
        Data not collected
      • Business Vocational
        Courses focus on basic business skills, such as Word Processing, Filing, Bookkeeping/Basic Accounting
        Data not collected
      • English/language Arts
        Courses focus on reading, interpretation, and writing, such as Literature, Composition, Journalism, and Creative Writing
        Data not collected
      • Oral Communication
        Courses focus on oral communication and speech, such as Oral Communication, Speech, and Interpersonal Communication
        Data not collected
      • Languages
        Courses focus on reading, writing, and/or speaking languages other than English, such as French, Chinese, German, Japanese, Latin, Russian, and Spanish
        Data not collected
      • Basic Math
        Courses focus on basic and applied math, such as General Math and Business Math
        Data not collected
      • Advanced Math
        Courses focus on advanced topics in math, such as Algebra, Geometry, Calculus, and Statistics
        Data not collected
      • Physical Science
        Courses focus on the study of matter and/or energy, such as Physics, Chemistry, and Astronomy
        Data not collected
      • Computer Science
        Courses focus on computers and their uses, such as Programming, Information Systems Management, and Software Applications
        Data not collected
      • Biological Science
        Courses focus on the study of life and living beings, such as life science, biology, anatomy and physiology
        Data not collected
      • Applied Science
        Courses focus on the application of science, such as Engineering, Health, and Medicine
        Data not collected
      • Social Science
        Courses focus on the behavioral sciences, such as Social Studies, Economics, History, Psychology, and Sociology
        Data not collected
      • Arts
        Courses focus on visual and performing arts, such as Arts and Crafts, Music, Painting, Sculpture, Theater, and Voice
        Data not collected
      • Humanities
        Courses focus on cultural and philosophical aspects of humans, such as Minority Studies, Philosophy, and Religion
        Data not collected
      • Physical Education
        Courses focus on physical fitness and sports, such as Aerobics, Jogging, Weight Lifting, and Specific Sports
        Data not collected

Experience Requirements

Requirements related to previous work activities and explicitly linked to certain types of work activities.

This domain includes information about the typical experiential backgrounds of workers in an occupation or group of occupations including certification, licensure, and training data. For example, information about the professional or organizational certifications required for entry and advancement in an occupation, preferred education or training, and required apprenticeships will be documented by this part of the model.

  • If someone were being hired to perform this job, how much of the following would be required?
    • Related Work Experience
      Amount of related work experience required to get hired for the job?
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • On-Site or In-Plant Training
      Amount of on-site or in-plant training (e.g., organized class room instruction) required to perform the job?
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • On-the-Job Training
      Amount of on the job training required to perform the job?
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Apprenticeship
      Apprenticeship is a combination of on-the-job training and related instruction in which workers learn the practical and theoretical aspects of a highly skilled occupation. Apprenticeship programs can be sponsored by individual employers, joint employer and labor groups, and/or employer associations.
      • Apprenticeship
        Completion of a job-related apprenticeship to perform the job.
        Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Entry requirement for developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge
    • Entry requirement for background structures needed to work with and acquire more specific skills in a variety of different domains
      • Reading Comprehension - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents
        Data not collected
      • Active Listening - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for listening to what other people are saying and asking questions as appropriate
        Data not collected
      • Writing - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for communicating effectively with others in writing as indicated by the needs of the audience
        Data not collected
      • Speaking - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for talking to others to effectively convey information
        Data not collected
      • Mathematics - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for using mathematics to solve problems
        Data not collected
      • Science - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for using scientific methods to solve problems
        Data not collected
    • Entry requirement for procedures that contribute to the more rapid acquisition of knowledge and skill across a variety of domains
      • Critical Thinking - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for using logic and analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses in different approaches
        Data not collected
      • Active Learning - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for working with new material or information to grasp its implications
        Data not collected
      • Learning Strategies - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for using multiple approaches when learning or teaching new things
        Data not collected
      • Monitoring - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for assessing how well one is doing when learning or doing something
        Data not collected
  • Entry requirement for developed capacities that facilitate performance of activities that occur across jobs
    • Entry requirement for developed capacities used to work with people to achieve goals
      • Social Perceptiveness - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react the way they do
        Data not collected
      • Coordination - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for adjusting actions in relation to others' actions
        Data not collected
      • Persuasion - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for persuading others to approach things differently
        Data not collected
      • Negotiation - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for bring others together and trying to reconcile differences
        Data not collected
      • Instructing - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for teaching others how to do something
        Data not collected
      • Service Orientation - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for actively looking for ways to help people
        Data not collected
    • Entry requirement for developed capacities used to solve novel, ill-defined problems in complex, real-world settings
      • Problem Identification - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for identifying the nature of problems
        Data not collected
      • Information Gathering - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for knowing how to find information and identifying essential information
        Data not collected
      • Information Organization - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for finding ways to structure or classify multiple pieces of information
        Data not collected
      • Synthesis/Reorganization - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for reorganizing information to get a better approach to problems or tasks
        Data not collected
      • Idea Generation - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for generating a number of different approaches to problems
        Data not collected
      • Idea Evaluation - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for evaluating the likely success of an idea in relation to the demands of the situation
        Data not collected
      • Implementation Planning - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for developing approaches for implementing an idea
        Data not collected
      • Solution Appraisal - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for observing and evaluating the outcomes of a problem solution to identify lessons learned or redirect efforts
        Data not collected
    • Entry requirement for developed capacities used to design, set-up, operate, and correct malfunctions involving application of machines or technological systems
      • Operations Analysis - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design
        Data not collected
      • Technology Design - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs
        Data not collected
      • Equipment Selection - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job
        Data not collected
      • Installation - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications
        Data not collected
      • Programming - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for writing computer programs for various purposes
        Data not collected
      • Testing - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for conducting tests to determine whether equipment, software, or procedures are operating as expected
        Data not collected
      • Operation Monitoring - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly
        Data not collected
      • Operation and Control - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for controlling operations of equipment or systems
        Data not collected
      • Product Inspection - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for inspecting and evaluating the quality of products
        Data not collected
      • Equipment Maintenance - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for performing routine maintenance and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed
        Data not collected
      • Troubleshooting - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for determining what is causing an operating error and deciding what to do about it
        Data not collected
      • Repairing - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for repairing machines or systems using the needed tools
        Data not collected
    • Entry requirement for developed capacities used to understand, monitor, and improve socio-technical systems
      • Visioning - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for developing an image of how a system should work under ideal conditions
        Data not collected
      • Systems Perception - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for determining when important changes have occurred in a system or are likely to occur
        Data not collected
      • Identifying Downstream Consequences - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for determining the long-term outcomes of a change in operations
        Data not collected
      • Identification of Key Causes - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for identifying the things that must be changed to achieve a goal
        Data not collected
      • Judgment and Decision Making - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for weighing the relative costs and benefits of a potential action
        Data not collected
      • System Evaluation - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for looking at many indicators of system performance, taking into account their accuracy
        Data not collected
    • Entry requirement for developed capacities used to allocate resources efficiently
      • Time Management - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for managing one's own time and the time of others
        Data not collected
      • Management of Financial Resources - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures
        Data not collected
      • Management of Material Resources - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work
        Data not collected
      • Management of Personnel Resources - Entry Requirement
        Entry requirement for motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job
        Data not collected
  • Licenses, certificates, or registrations that are awarded to show that a job holder has gained certain skills. This includes requirements for obtaining these credentials, and the organization or agency requiring their possession.
    • License, Certificate, or Registration Required
      At least one license, certificate, or registration is required to perform in this job, including a driver's or vehicle operator's license. The specific license(s), certificate(s), or registration(s) are listed.
      Data collected by CareerOneStop, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Specific education, training, examination, or other requirements for obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job
      • Post-Secondary Degree
        Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires a post-secondary degree, for example an Associate's or Bachelor's degree.
        Data not collected
      • Graduate Degree
        Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires a graduate degree, for example, a Master's or Doctoral degree.
        Data not collected
      • On-the-Job Training
        Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires on-the-job training, including apprenticeships, internships, and other supervised experiences.
        Data not collected
      • Examination
        Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires an examination, for example, written, oral, or performance assessments.
        Data not collected
      • Character References
        Obtaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires one or more character references from other individuals.
        Data not collected
    • Additional Education and Training
      Retaining the licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in this job requires additional course work.
      Data collected by CareerOneStop, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Organizations or agencies requiring the specific licenses, certificates, or registration needed to perform in a job
      • Legal Requirement
        Federal, state, or local law requires possessing specific licenses, certificates, or registration for performance in this job.
        Data not collected
      • Employer Requirement
        Employers require possessing specific licenses, certificates, or registration for performance in this job.
        Data not collected
      • Union, Guild, or Professional Association
        A union or professional association requires possessing specific licenses, certificates, or registration for performance in this job.
        Data not collected

Occupational Requirements

A comprehensive set of variables or detailed elements that describe what various occupations require.

This domain includes information about typical activities required across occupations. Task information is often too specific to describe an occupation or occupational group. The O*NET approach is to identify generalized work activities (GWAs) and detailed work activities (DWAs) to summarize the broad and more specific types of job behaviors and tasks that may be performed within multiple occupations. Using this framework makes it possible to use a single set of descriptors to describe many occupations. Contextual variables such as the physical, social, or structural context of work that may impose specific demands on the worker or activities are also included in this section.

  • Work activities that are common across a very large number of occupations. They are performed in almost all job families and industries.
    • Where and how are the information and data gained that are needed to perform this job?
      • How is information obtained to perform this job?
        • Getting Information
          Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings
          Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • How is information interpreted to perform this job?
        • Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events
          Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials
          Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information
          Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • What processing, planning, problem-solving, decision-making, and innovating activities are performed with job-relevant information?
      • How is information processed to perform this job?
        • Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People
          Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Processing Information
          Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards
          Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Analyzing Data or Information
          Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • What decisions are made and problems solved in performing this job?
        • Making Decisions and Solving Problems
          Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Thinking Creatively
          Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge
          Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Developing Objectives and Strategies
          Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Scheduling Work and Activities
          Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work
          Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • What physical activities are performed, what equipment and vehicles are operated/controlled, and what complex/technical activities are accomplished as job outputs?
      • What activities using the body and hands are done to perform this job?
        • Performing General Physical Activities
          Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Handling and Moving Objects
          Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Controlling Machines and Processes
          Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment
          Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • What skilled activities using coordinated movements are done to perform this job?
        • Working with Computers
          Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment
          Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment
          Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment
          Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Documenting/Recording Information
          Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • What interactions with other persons or supervisory activities occur while performing this job?
      • What interactions with other people occur while performing this job?
        • Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others
          Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates
          Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Communicating with People Outside the Organization
          Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships
          Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Assisting and Caring for Others
          Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Selling or Influencing Others
          Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others
          Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Performing for or Working Directly with the Public
          Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • What coordinating, managerial, or advisory activities are done while performing this job?
        • Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others
          Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Developing and Building Teams
          Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Training and Teaching Others
          Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates
          Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Coaching and Developing Others
          Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Providing Consultation and Advice to Others
          Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • What administrative, staffing, monitoring, or controlling activities are done while performing this job?
        • Performing Administrative Activities
          Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Staffing Organizational Units
          Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Monitoring and Controlling Resources
          Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Work activities that are common across many occupations. They are performed in many job families and industries.
    • Intermediate Work Activities List
      List of intermediate work activities for each occupation
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Specific work activities that are performed across a small to moderate number of occupations within a job family.
    • Detailed Work Activities List
      List of detailed work activities for each occupation
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Characteristics of the organization that influence how people do their work
    • A functional subsystem of organization structure subsuming constructs of (a) organizational structure, and (b) human resources systems and practices
      • The architecture or anatomy of an organization, affecting the behavior of organizational members as well as the ability of organizations to adapt effectively to their environments. Elements of organizational structure include the hierarchy of the organization, the degree of centralization, and the nature of work groups used to accomplish organizational objectives
        • The amount of autonomy and involvement in decision making that employees have
          • Indicates the degree to which employees are provided with different types of information and participate in decision-making
            • Have Control Over Unit or Department
              You have a great deal of control over what happens in your unit or department
              Data not collected
            • Have Influence Over Decisions
              You have a great deal of influence over decisions that are made in your unit or department.
              Data not collected
            • Monitor Data on Quality/Costs/Waste/etc.
              You monitor data on quality, costs, waste, and productivity
              Data not collected
            • Determine Work Flow or Order of Tasks
              You determine work flow or the order in which tasks are performed
              Data not collected
            • Invest in New Equipment and Technology
              You invest in new equipment and technology
              Data not collected
            • Develop New Products, Services, and Procedures
              You develop new products, services, and procedures
              Data not collected
          • Individual versus Team Structure
            Identifies the extent to which employees work in intact teams
            • Percent of Time in Intact Team
              Approximately what percentage of your time do you spend working in an intact team? By intact team we mean a group of 3 or more employees who are jointly responsible for whole work processes and work toward shared goals (e.g., production team; development team; project team).
              Data not collected
        • Indicates the level of skill variety, task significance, task identity, autonomy, and feedback in this job
          • The variety of skills required of people in this job
            • Job Variety
              How much variety is there in your job? That is, to what extent does the job require you to do many different things at work, using a variety of your skills and talents?
              Data not collected
            • Complex or High Level Skills Required
              Your job requires you to use a number of complex or high-level skills.
              Data not collected
            • Variety of Tasks Required
              Your job requires you to perform a variety of tasks.
              Data not collected
          • The importance or significance of the tasks performed on this job, as reflected by its effect on the lives or well-being of others
            • Significance or Importance of Job
              In general, how significant or important is your job? That is, are the results of your work likely to significantly affect the lives or well-being of other people?
              Data not collected
            • Job Quality Affects Lots of People
              Your job is one where a lot of people can be affected by how well the work gets done.
              Data not collected
            • Job Itself Is Very Significant
              Your job itself is very significant and important in the broader scheme of things.
              Data not collected
          • The extent to which tasks performed on this job can be perceived as contributing to the final product
            • Job Involves Whole Piece of Work
              To what extent does your job involve doing a 'whole' and identifiable piece of work? That is, is the job a complete piece of work that has an obvious beginning and end? Or is it only a small part of the overall piece of work, which is finished by other people or automatic machines? (If your job involves many different tasks or pieces of work, try to think about your typical tasks or the tasks you spend the most time on.)
              Data not collected
            • Can Do Entire Piece of Work
              Your job is arranged so that you can do an entire piece of work from beginning to end.
              Data not collected
            • Can Finish What You Start
              Your job provides you a chance to completely finish the piece of work you began.
              Data not collected
          • The amount of freedom in the job, as reflected in a person being able to exercise personal initiative and judgment in task performance
            • Autonomy and Freedom in Job
              How much autonomy and freedom are there in your job? That is, to what extent does your job permit you to decide on your own how to go about doing your job?
              Data not collected
            • Chance for Initiative and Judgment
              Your job gives you a chance to use your personal initiative and judgment in carrying out the work.
              Data not collected
            • Opportunity for Independence and Freedom
              Your job gives you considerable opportunity for independence and freedom in how you do your job.
              Data not collected
          • The extent to which this job provides information about how well one is performing
            • Extent of Feedback From Doing Job Itself
              To what extent does doing the job itself provide you with information about your work performance? That is, does the actual work itself provide clues about how well you are doing--aside from any 'feedback' co-workers or supervisors may provide?
              Data not collected
            • Doing Job Provides Chances for Feedback
              Just doing the job provides many chances for you to figure out how well you are doing.
              Data not collected
            • After Finishing Job, Know Own Performance
              After you finish a job, you know whether you performed well.
              Data not collected
        • The amount of stability in the job and the extent of job rotation
          • Number of Supervisors in Past Year
            How many different supervisors have you had in the past year?
            Data not collected
          • Number of Work Teams in Past Year
            Approximately how many different work teams have you belonged to during the past year?
            Data not collected
          • Number of Work Group Reorganizations in Past Year
            In the past year, how many times has your primary work group gone through some kind of reorganization?
            Data not collected
          • Number of Times Nature of Job Changed
            In the past year, how many times has the nature of your job duties changed dramatically?
            Data not collected
          • Job Rotation Practices
            Which statement best describes the job rotation practices in your job and your work group?
            Data not collected
      • Organizational practices and policies designed to ensure that an organization has employees who are capable of meeting its goals
        • Organizational practices, decisions, and processes that affect (a) the capability of an organization to make hiring, promotion, and other personnel decisions, and (b) the number or types of individuals who are willing to apply for or accept a given vacancy
          • Recruitment Operations
            Activities involved in implementing recruitment plans (e.g., selecting sources, realistic job preview)
            • Sources of People for Current Job
              Which of the sources listed below are used to recruit people for your current job?
              Data not collected
          • Selection Assessment Methods Used
            The methods used for selection or promotion of employees
            • Assessment Methods Used to Select for Job
              Which of the following assessment methods are used to select people for your current job?
              Data not collected
        • The systematic acquisition of attitudes, concepts, knowledge, roles, or skills that result in improved performance at work
          • Training Methods
            The methods used in training programs
            • Training Methods Used in Company
              Which of the following training methods have been used in company training courses you have attended in the last two years?
              Data not collected
          • Training Topics and Content
            What trainers intend to teach trainees through training programs
            • Areas of Recent Formal Training
              In which of the following content areas have you received formal training in the last two years?
              Data not collected
          • Extent and Support of Training Activities
            The extent to which an organization makes training available to its employees and provides financial support for training activities
            • Recent Technical Skill Training
              In the last two years, how often have you attended company sponsored job-related technical training (i.e., technical skill training)?
              Data not collected
        • Monetary compensation and monetary and non-monetary benefits organizations provide to their employees
          • Basis of Compensation
            The extent to which organizations reward individuals based on: (a) their knowledge, skills, and performance, (b) seniority, (c) team performance, (d) organizational performance, and (e) job attributes
            • Compensation Package Components
              Which of the following is part of your compensation package (i.e., pay)?
              Data not collected
          • Benefits
            The extent to which employees' compensation includes benefits such as pensions, insurance, paid leave, awards and bonuses, pay for time not worked, etc.
    • A functional subsystem of organization structure subsuming processes linking people (employees) to their work and to each other and includes elements such as values, goals, leadership, and roles
      • Individual goal setting.
        • The extent to which an individual's goal is made explicit, and the probability that an individual can attain the goal
          • Achieve Most Important Individual Goal
            Realistically, the probability that you will achieve your most important individual work goal this year is:
            Data not collected
          • How Many Quantitative Individual Goals
            How many of your individual work goals are quantitative (e.g., selling $100,000 worth of merchandise as opposed to selling as much merchandise as possible).
            Data not collected
        • The extent to which an individual is given periodic feedback regarding his or her progress against a goal
          • How Many Specific Individual Goals
            How many of your individual work goals are specific -- that is, you will know exactly when you have achieved them?
            Data not collected
          • When Get Information on Individual Goals
            How often do you get information regarding how close you are to achieving your most important individual work goal (for example, an interim financial report or data on number of units sold)?
            Data not collected
          • Informal, Job-Relevant Feedback
            To what extent do you receive informal, job-relevant feedback from your supervisor?
            Data not collected
          • Meet One-on-One With Supervisor on Goals, Training, and Development
            During the past year, how often have you met one-on-one with your immediate supervisor to discuss issues such as your performance, goals, training and development?
            Data not collected
      • Characteristics of job incumbents' roles, such as the extent to which they involve conflict and overload
        • The extent to which an individual has to deal with conflicting demands
          • Often Receive Conflicting Requests
            You often receive conflicting requests from two or more people at work.
            Data not collected
          • Work With Groups With Different Focuses
            You work with two or more groups who want you to focus on different things.
            Data not collected
          • You and Your Supervisor Agree About Job
            You and your supervisor agree about what your job should be.
            Data not collected
          • Supervisor Makes Conflicting Requests
            Your supervisor often asks you to do two or more things that conflict (for example, save a large amount of money while at the same time dramatically increasing quality).
            Data not collected
        • The extent to which an individual can negotiate his/her role in an organization
          • Negotiate Changes in Role with Supervisor
            You have negotiated changes in the nature of your role at work with your supervisor.
            Data not collected
          • Significant Input Into Way You Do Job
            You have significant input into the way you do your job.
            Data not collected
        • A discrepancy between the job's demands and one's ability to meet those demands
          • Get Assignments without Adequate Resources
            You receive assignments at work without adequate resources and materials to complete them properly.
            Data not collected
          • Given Enough Time to Do Work
            You are given enough time to do what is expected of you at work.
            Data not collected
          • Too Much for One Person to Do
            It often seems like you have too much work for one person to do.
            Data not collected
      • Culture
        Patterns of behaviors and social relationships reflecting the assumptions, values, norms, and artifacts shared by members of the organization
      • The nature of supervisory leadership
        • Supervisor Friendly and Supportive
          To what extent does your supervisor act in a friendly and supportive manner? For example, does he/she show concern for members of your work group and respect for your ideas?
          Data not collected
        • Supervisor Takes Active Role
          To what extent does your supervisor take an active role in directing your work group's activities by setting goals, planning and scheduling work, assigning tasks, and making sure that each person knows what he/she should be doing?
          Data not collected
        • Supervisor Provides Clear Vision
          To what extent does your supervisor provide members of your work group with a clear vision of where the group is going and keep everyone fully committed to the work at hand?
          Data not collected
        • Supervisor Solves Problems
          To what extent does your supervisor quickly and effectively solve problems, even difficult problems, that come up in your work group?
          Data not collected
  • Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work
    • This category describes the context of the job in terms of human interaction processes
      • Types and frequency of interactions with other people that are required as part of this job.
        • How frequently does this job require the use of the following communication methods?
          • Public Speaking
            How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Telephone
            How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Electronic Mail
            How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Letters and Memos
            How often does the job require written letters and memos?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Face-to-Face Discussions
            How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Contact With Others
          How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Role Relationships
        Importance of different types of interactions with others both inside and outside the organization
        • How important are interactions requiring the worker to:
          • Work With Work Group or Team
            How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Deal With External Customers
            How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Coordinate or Lead Others
            How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Amount of responsibility the worker has for other workers as a part of this job
        • Responsible for Others' Health and Safety
          How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
          How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Amount of conflict that the worker will encounter as part of this job
        • Frequency of Conflict Situations
          How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People
          How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Deal With Physically Aggressive People
          How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • This category describes the work context as it relates to the interactions between the worker and the physical job environment
      • Description of physical surroundings that the worker will face as part of this job
        • How frequently does this job require the worker to work:
          • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
            How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
            How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather
            How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Outdoors, Under Cover
            How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment
            How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment
            How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Physical Proximity
          To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Environmental Conditions
        Description of extreme environmental conditions the worker will be placed in as part of this job
        • How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions:
          • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
            How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
            How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting
            How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Exposed to Contaminants
            How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
            How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
            How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Descriptions of types of hazardous conditions the worker could be exposed to as part of this job. This includes the frequency of exposure, and the likelihood and degree of injury if exposed.
        • How often does this job require the worker to be exposed to the following hazards?
          • Exposed to Radiation
            How often does this job require exposure to radiation?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Exposed to Disease or Infections
            How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Exposed to High Places
            How often does this job require exposure to high places?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
            How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
            How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
            How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Likelihood of Injury From Job Hazards
          What is the likelihood that the worker would be injured as a result of being exposed to the following hazards while performing this job?
          Data not collected
        • Degree of Injury
          If injury, due to exposure to the following hazards, were to occur while performing this job, how serious would be the likely outcome?
          Data not collected
      • Body Positioning
        Amount of time the worker will spend in a variety of physical positions on this job
        • How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend:
          • Spend Time Sitting
            How much does this job require sitting?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Spend Time Standing
            How much does this job require standing?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
            How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Spend Time Walking and Running
            How much does this job require walking and running?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
            How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
            How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
            How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body
            How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
            How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Work Attire
        Dress requirements of this job
        • How often does the worker wear:
          • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
            How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
            How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • This category involves the relationships or interactions between the worker and the structural characteristics of the job
      • Amount of impact the worker has on final products and their outcomes
        • Consequence of Error
          How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • The frequency and nature of the impact of worker's decisions on the organization
          • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
            What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
          • Frequency of Decision Making
            How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
            Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Freedom to Make Decisions
          How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • The relative amounts of routine versus challenging work the worker will perform as part of this job
        • Degree of Automation
          How automated is the job?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
          How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
          How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Structured versus Unstructured Work
          To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Competition
        Amount of competition that the worker will face as part of this job
        • Level of Competition
          To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
      • Description of the role that time plays in the way the worker performs the tasks required by this job
        • Time Pressure
          How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
          How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Work Schedules
          How regular are the work schedules for this job?
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
        • Duration of Typical Work Week
          Number of hours typically worked in one week.
          Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor

Workforce Characteristics

Variables that define and describe the general characteristics of occupations that may influence occupational requirements.

Organizations do not exist in isolation. They must operate within a broader social and economic structure. To be useful, an occupational classification system must incorporate global contextual characteristics. O*NET provides this information by linking descriptive occupational information to statistical labor market information. This includes compensation and wage data, employment outlook, and industry size information. Much of this information is collected outside of the O*NET program's immediate scope. Collaborative efforts with organizations such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, Career One Stop, the U.S. Bureau of the Census, and the Employment and Training Administration facilitate these labor market information linkages.

Occupation-Specific Information

Variables or other Content Model elements of selected or specific occupations.

Occupation-specific information details a comprehensive set of elements that apply to a single occupation or a narrowly defined job family. This domain parallels other Content Model domains because it includes requirements such as work-related knowledge, skills, and tasks in addition to the machines, equipment, tools, software, and information technology workers may use in their workplace. Labor market information defined by the industry or occupation is also provided here. This domain is particularly important when developing specific applications of O*NET information. For example, it is necessary to refer to occupation-specific descriptive information to specify training, develop position descriptions, or redesign jobs.

  • Primary title and code used to identify a single occupation in the O*NET-SOC taxonomy
    • Title
      O*NET-SOC occupation title and code
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • A statement of required or important duties performed by workers in an occupation in the O*NET-SOC taxonomy.
    • Description
      O*NET-SOC occupation description
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Alternate or "lay titles" include related job titles and occupational titles gathered from job incumbents, occupational experts, government agencies, professional groups, customer input, employer job postings, and other occupational classification systems.
    • Alternate Titles List
      List of alternate titles
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
    • Sample of Reported Titles List
      List of sample of reported titles
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Occupation-Specific Tasks
    • Task List
      List of tasks for each occupation
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Information technology and software skills essential to the functions of an occupational role.
    • Technology Skills List
      List of technology skills for each occupation.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Machines, equipment, and tools essential to the performance of an occupational role.
    • Tools List
      List of machines, equipment, and tools for each occupation.
      Data collected by O*NET Data Collection Program, U.S. Department of Labor